Más de 50 empresas y organizaciones estuvieron presentes en la mayor convención minera de Latinoamérica.
Entre los días 24 y 27 de abril se ha desarrollado EXPOMIN 2023, la convención minera más importante de Latinoamérica. El evento cuenta con la participación de empresas y organizaciones mineras y relacionadas al mundo de la minería de todo el mundo.
La ceremonia inaugural contó con la presencia de las más altas autoridades en el ámbito de la minería, incluyendo ministros, representantes de gobiernos, líderes de compañías mineras y destacados profesionales del sector. El Presidente Gabriel Boric destacó la importancia de las alianzas entre el sector minero y la educación, subrayando cómo estos convenios son cruciales para el desarrollo de habilidades y la formación de profesionales capacitados en la industria.
Dada la importancia de este evento, sin duda Canadá está presente en este gran evento minero, con un Pabellón compuesto por más de 50 empresas y organizaciones, las que puedes conocer a continuación:
Canadian Companies in Expomin 2023 | |||||||
Company | Name | Last Name | Title | Website | Description | Province | |
ABC Dust Technologies Corporation – booth #12-B21 | Samuel | Toledo | President | stoledo@abcdust.net | www.abcdust.net | Offers smart and sustainable dust control and soil stabilization to serve clients worldwide. Our dust control & soil stabilization services combine high-performance dust control & soil stabilization with georeferenced sensors and algorithm to provide an efficient treatment which is applied and optimized at the right place, at the right dose and time with the right equipment; which translates in better performance, lower cost and environmental impact. | QC |
Adria Power Systems | Erwin | Conn | Adria Representative in Chile | erwin.conn@inexlink.com | https://adria-mfg.ca/ | Electrical power and distribution products for the mining sector: Leader in universal battery charging infrastructure. Systems range from 60kW to 2000kW and can integrate a multiple output configuration (single, multiple, multiple bridgeable, etc). Extensive experience in underground mining operations, designed and field proven to perform in harsh mining environments. | QC |
AFM Industries (Endurance Belting) | Rob | Butterworth | President | rbuterworth@afmindustries.com | https://www.afmindustries.com/index.php | Conveyor belting solutions and consultancy services to the material handling industry: Supplies the minerals industry worldwide with both individual conveyor belts and complete large scale project packages. Our core strength is our ability to consult the customer through every stage of the project including product selection, logistical support, installation, commissioning and operator training. | ON |
Almex Group (walking the show, B2B EDC) | https://www.almex.com/northamerica/en | Wide range of on-site services and solutions for safe and effective mine conveyance: Engineering, design, installation, quality audits, monitoring and conveyor belt scanning. Extend belt life and provide ease of maintenance. Advanced belt rip detection including RFID based SmartWire belt rip monitoring at transfer points. Mis-tracking alerts and belt steering, reducing the potential for breaks and material loss. | ON | ||||
Ambra Solutions | Edinson | Claros | LATAM Business Development Manager | edinson.claros@ambra.co | https://www.ambra.co | Private LTE networks tailored for mining environments: Satellite, 4G/5G, LTE, Microwave and Mesh. Custom equipment, engineering and solutions provider. | QC |
Eric | L’Heureux | President | eric@ambra.co | ||||
Jonathan | Muñoz | jonathan.munoz@ambra.co | |||||
Andritz Automation Inc. (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Arthur | Gooch | Global Product Manager | arthur.gooch@andritz.com | https://www.andritz.com/separation-en/industries/mining-minerals | Digital Mining Optimization Systems: Dynamic simulation and Digital twins for mining and processing IDEAS simulator offer is the leader in mineral processing industries Connection through OPC provides integration with plant data. | BC |
Aquatic Life | Jeff | Simpson | President | jsimpson@aquaticlife.ca | http://www.aquaticlife.ca/ | Mine site water monitoring and management for automated real-time collection of key water quality and quantity parameters. Our advisory services include surface water, ground water, tailings water and seepage monitoring systems. All the collected data can be presented in customized mine specific dashboards, with automated reporting, early warning and advanced analytics. International water and tailings management experience including South and Central America | MB |
BBA | Benoit | Richard | Chile Operation Director | benoit.richard@bba.ca | https://www.bba.ca/ | Consulting, environmental services, planning and design: Full suite engineering firm focuses on client challenges and transformation Innovative, scalable and proven engineering strategies and solutions Services include operational readiness and commisioning Project execution | QC |
BlackLine Safety (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Bernadette | Geronazzo | Director, Public Relations | bgeronazzo@blacklinesafety.com | https://www.blacklinesafety.com/ | Customizable cloud-connected safety solutions: Comprehensive live-monitoring and wireless gas detection. Man-down protection, Worksite compliance. Suite of portable tracking solutions for a variety of safety applications. | AB |
Breaker Tech (walking the show, B2B EDC) | David | Archer | Gerente Regional | darcher@rockbreaker.com | https://www.astecindustries.com/ | Manufacturer of a wide range of mining, quarry and construction equipment: Specialized in stationary rockbreaker systems, hydraulic breakers, compactors and demolition attachments Also produces a full line of rugged, low profile, underground mining utility vehicles | |
Cascadia Scientific | Cristhian | Tomaduz | Sales Director Latam | ctomaduz@cascadiascientific.com | https://cascadiascientific.com/ | Operational decision intelligence driving optimized mining operations: High-precision sensing, vehicle network integration and leading-edge machine learning Hardware, software, and consultive data science support SmartRView – Subscription service for mobile mining equipment Platform for mobile mining equipment provides real-time fuel use and machine condition monitoring | BC |
Castech Plessitech (Castech International) | Martin | Cuba | Sales Peru Chile | martin.cuba@castechinc.com | http://grcp.ca/en/sectors/ | Improving the life of mine equipment: Custom project work to support a wide range of equipement 3D scanner, high-precision for reverse engineering Foundry for complex parts from steel and iron Over 100 different alloys available Small or big parts either on conventional or CNC machines Welding and general fabrication service | QC |
Michel | Pilon | Engineer | michelpilon30@gmail.com | ||||
CEC Mining | Roberto | Fortunato | Executive Business | south-america@cecminingsystems.com F16 | https://cecminingsystems.com/ | Mine waste de-watering technology solution: Cost effective continuous solids-liquids separation solutions. Specializes in ceramic disc-vacuum filtration systems and turnkey tailings dewatering projects. Strong experience and success in the LATAM market. | BC |
Cypher Environmental | Todd | Burns | President | todd@cypherenvironmental.com | https://cypherenvironmental.com/ | Leader in environmental dust control and road stabilization solutions: Cypher’s DUST/BLOKR® and ROAD//STABILIZR® products have been successfully deployed to help clients around the world to complete projects in over 50 countries Reduces OPEX and environmental footprint | MB |
Delphi Group (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Bruce | Dudley | Senior Vice President | bdudley@delphi.ca | http://www.delphi.ca/ | Strategic consultancy providing innovative solutions in the areas of climate change and corporate sustainability. Delphi’s team is made up of leading experts in corporate sustainability, climate change, the green economy, and cleantech and innovation | MB |
DLT Labs (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Hernan | Grandon | Managing Director – Latin America | hernan.grandon@dltlabs.io | http://www.dltlabs.com/ | Enterprise software solutions for supply chains: Smart contracts and business process automation allow streamlining of workflows. Real time activity log updates allow all relevant stakeholders access to specified data. Provides accurate sustainability data that helps mining companies stay compliant with ESG standards. | ON |
Dundee Sustainable Technologies | Jean-Philippe | Mai | Executive Vice-President | jpmai@dundeetechnologies.com | http://www.dundeetechnologies.com/ | Environmental technologies for the treatment of waste material from the mining industry: Arsenic removal and stabilization from water and tailings using a patented GlassLock Process. | QC |
Olivier | Sanfaçon | Process Engineer | osanfacon@dundeetechnologies.com | ||||
Eco Goldex Inc | John | Guo | john@eco-goldex.com | https://eco-goldex.com/ | Innovative low-toxic Eco-Goldex reagent to gold extraction operators to replace the toxic sodium cyanide and help them have free access to the simple, easy to use and effective gold extraction reagent regardless of their operating scale and financial capacity worldwide. | QC | |
Wenlin | Tian | Sales & marketing | wenlint@yahoo.ca | ||||
Eddyfi Technologies | Carlos | Serrano | cserrano@eddyfi.com | https://www.eddyfi.com/ | Eddyfi Technologies provides the highest performance Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) inspection technologies in the world, helping OEMs, asset owners and service companies enhance productivity, save lives, and protect the environment. Its mission is to push the limits of advanced NDT to new heights by featuring various NDT modalities and investing massively in product advancement. | QC | |
Elemission Inc. | François | Doucet | CEO | fdoucet@elemission.ca | https://www.elemission.ca/ | Real-time results using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: Quantitative chemical analysis, optics and ultrafast automated processes Get the best out of your geochemical, geological, mineralogical and material samples Custom / personalized and highly optimized analyzers From core samples to customized sample size sample, or for a conveyor belt LIBS analyzer to slurries, ELEMISSION’s instruments have an amazing range of applications | QC |
Lütfü | Çelebi Özcan | Co-CEO, CTO | lozcan@elemission.ca | ||||
Enduride Canada USA Inc (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Clément | Cochet | Business Development Manager | ccochet@enduride.com | https://enduride.com/ | Conveyor idlers and rollers manufacturer: Wide portfolio of conveyor belt products to service a wide range of heavy-duty material handling applications. From heavy-duty CEMA Rollers and Idlers, belt conveyor guarding, pulleys, impact beds, dust & material confinement at loading zones For heavy-duty, corrosive, abrasive or high tonnage | QC |
Envisioning Labs Inc (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Oscar | Malpica | CEO / Founder | oscar.malpica@envisioninglabs.com | www.envisioninglabs.com | An award-winning deep tech firm focused on developing social and technological solutions that counter climate change and foster a carbon-neutral future. | BC |
Federal Screen Products Inc | Greg | Colman | Sales Manager | greg@federalscreen.com | https://www.federalscreen.com/mining | Comprehensive and innovative range of mineral processing screens: Plain screen, media retention nozzles, vessel internals, strainer baskets, support grids, resin traps, more… Leading manufacturer of stainless steel wedge wire for dramatic cost-per-ton reductions Technical support, design suggestions, products | ON |
Finning (at own booth) | www.finning.com | BC | |||||
Foremost Industries LP | Doug | Secord | Mining & Mineral Exploration Product Manager | doug.secord@foremost.ca | https://www.foremost.ca/ | Specialized in mining, construction and waterwell markets: Wide range of mobile equipment including drilling, Vac trucks, tanks, pressure vessels heat treatment and more. Mobile equipment parts and service Energy equipment parts and service | AB |
Forward Water Technologies | Howie | Honeyman | CEO | howie.honeyman@forwardwater.com | https://www.forwardwater.com/copy-of-lithium | Water and tailings management technologies for mining: Mobile and packaged systems specifically designed to meet the dynamics of mine operations Mining solutions to minimize waste, maximize recovery, and prevent accidental pollution. | ON |
Genetec Inc | Cristián | Barraza | Business Development Manager, Latin America | cbarraza@genetec.com | https://www.genetec.com/ | Security, intelligence, and operations: Security Center, is an open-architecture platform that unifies IP-based video surveillance, access control, automatic license plate recognition (ANPR), communications, and analytics Cloud-based solutions and services designed to improve security, and contribute new levels of operational intelligence | QC |
Alex | Bello | Regional Sales Manager – Chile | abello@genetec.com | www.genetec.com | |||
Andréa | Mansano | Business Development Manager – Brazil | amansano@genete.com | ||||
Sandra | Morales | Marketing Manager Latin America | smorales@genetec.com | ||||
Groupe CLR Inc | Juan | Montecinos | Directeur de comptes | jomontecinos@groupeclr.com | http://groupeclr.com/ | Wireless Communications Systems: From engineering to deployment and maintanence Telemetry systems and broadband networks Handheld radios, cameras, sat phones, GPS, more… | QC |
Olivier | Paquin | Project Manager | opaquin@groupeclr.com | ||||
iBwave | Alcedir | Goulart | Sales Manager | alcedir.goulart@ibwave.com | https://www.ibwave.com/ | Customizable cloud-connected safety solutions: Comprehensive live-monitoring and wireless gas detection. Man-down protection, Worksite compliance. Suite of portable tracking solutions for a variety of safety applications. | QC |
Milton | Malva | Sales Engineer | milton.malva@ibwave.com | ||||
INT-ELLE | Mirka | Boudreau | Présidente – directrice générale / Chief executive officer | mirka.boudreau@int-elle.com | www.int-ellecorporation.com | Engineering Services for Mining: General manufacturing, partial and turnkey projects Wearing parts (chromium carbide, alumina ceramics), all problems related to erosion/wear/corrosion/impact) Employee outsourcing (operations and management) | QC |
Ignacio | Melendez | Technical Director | ignacio.melendez@int-elle.com | ||||
ITRS International Tire Repair Solutions (2012) Inc | Gilles | Wauthy | Chairman of the Board | gilles@itrs.ca | www.itrs.ca | Tire repair, section repair, retreading: Single source destination for all your service, certification and training specialization within the mining sector Teach you everything you need to know about repairing a mine tire | QC |
Jonathon | Orellana | Training Director | jonathon@itrs.ca | ||||
Maestro / Howden (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Cindy | Chesney | Director, Global Partnerships | cindy.chesney@maestrodigitalmine.com | https://www.maestrodigitalmine.com/products/maestro-integrates-into-ventsim | Mining Ventilation Optimization and Control: Ventilation solutions to improve the underground work environment and increase productivity while reducing energy use and greenhouse gases Comprehensive offer includes air quality sensing, actuators, air flow regulators, POE+ solutions for networking and centralized reporting | ON |
MBI Global – VersaDrill | Daniel | Misiano | President | dmisiano@mbiglobal.ca | https://mbiglobal.ca/en/ | Complete range of mine drilling solutions: Surface and underground mineral exploration drills VersaDrill exploration drills and GtechDrill geotechnical drills AMC drilling fluids and Reflex drilling instruments for data collection and analysis | QC |
Marco | Quevedo | Commercial Manager MBI Chile | mquevedo@mbiglobal.ca | ||||
McCue Engineering Contractors (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Pater A. | Dauba | Director, Technical Sales | patrice@mccuecontracting.com | www.mccuecontracting.com | Established in 2000, McCue Engineering Contractors is a Canadian, leading edge full-service water treatment and brownfields remediation engineering and construction company. With over 20 years of dedicated experience, McCue continues to provide end-to-end solutions to a multitude of sectors | BC |
Mécanicad Inc | Rémi | Thibault | President and Sales Manager | rthibault@mecanicad.ca | https://mecanicad.ca/en/ | Efficient plastic ducting for mine ventilation: Low friction surface and tight fit results in a minimum of losses Designed for easy transport, handling and installation Includes custom made transport pallets in accordance to mine requirements Robust design can be installed in any temperature Highest standards of fire resistance | QC |
Sofía | Sanchez | Mécanicad representative in Chile | ssanchez@indelta.cl | ||||
Meglab Electronique Inc | Camilo | Morales | Meglab Representative in Chile | camilo.morales@miningtag.cl | https://meglab.ca/en/ | Integrated products for the connected mine – consulting, manufacturing, installation and service: Electronic Products: Collision awaress systems, ventilation automation, belling systems, remote controll, remote firing, bacfill control, more … Power Products: BEV chargers, water canon, sub-stations, VFD, motor control centres, PLC panels, switchgear, pump stations, more… | QC |
METAL7 (Groupe M7) | Jonathan | Martel | Global Sales Manager | jmartel@megatraction.com | http://www.metal7.com/en | Design and manufacture of high-performance process solutions: Increase process efficiency, specifically in iron ore pelletizing plants Expertise in material and surface engineering Solutions for new plants or for existing plants seeking increases of productivity Pellets Screening, Induration, Slurry Filtering, Material Handling, more… | QC |
Camilo | Sanchez | Technical Specialist | csanchez@megatraction.com | ||||
Ramon | Matamala | Regional Sales Director Latin America | ramón.matamala@megatraction.com | ||||
Mikes Hydraulics Sales & Service Ltd (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Abe | Eazadi | General Manager, Sales and Marketing | mikeshydraulics@sasktel.net | http://www.mikeshydraulics.ca/ | Hydraulic specialists for mining: Troubleshooting, maintenance, and repair of field and plant hydraulic components, equipment and machinery. Large and small equipment | SK |
Miller Technology Inc (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Marc | Mondoux | Mining Sales | mmondoux@millertechnology.com | https://www.millertechnology.com/toyota-land-cruiser-electric/ | Battery Electric Vehicles that are Optimized for Mining Environments: Miller’s Toyota Land Cruiser Electric Vehicles are environmentally friendly and even better for your bottom line. Fewer moving parts and less mechanical interfacing means lower repair and replace costs | ON |
Mine Cable Services | John H. | Parkes | President & CEO | john.parkes@minecableservices.ca | https://www.minecableservices.ca/ | High-Voltage Power Cable Management and Connection Systems: From high voltage cable supply, installation and repair, to cable couplers and cable handling equipment Standard and custom solutions Connection and handling systems, cable repair and supplies | AB |
Movex Innovation Inc – (Robotika) | Jean-Yves | Baclre | Sales Director | jybacle@movexinnovation.com | https://movexinnovation.com/en/mines/ | Specialized safety solutions for mining: Reduce risk from all mining related hazard types We offer effective, efficient, and safe remote controlled solutions for : Cleaning underneath conveyor belts, transport of equipment and material, oxygen sensors, gas alarm system and detectors Handling of other critical tools and emergency supplies for metallic and nonferrous underground mining (non-explosion proof) | QC |
Jorge | Catalán | CTO – Robotika, Movex representative in Chile | jcatalan@robotika.cl | ||||
Optel (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Giancarlo | Fusaro | Sales Director LATAM | giancarlo.fusaro@optelvision.com | www.optelgroup.com | Optimize performance and transparency of mining supply chain while validating authenticity of product: Ensure compliance with Track and Trace – comply with worldwide regulations through the help of full-stack track-and-trace technologies. Trace and authenticate products along the supply chain with traceability capabilities using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Optimize supply chain with relevant ESG information to build a detailed supplier profile database. | QC |
Previan Senceive booth 12-C49 | Manuel | Mendoza | Business Development Manager Latino América / Senceive | mmendoza@senceive.com | https://previan.com/ | Infrastructure monitoring and diagnostics: Non-destructive Testing (NDT) 3D Vision Systems for Automated Inspection Wireless condition monitoring Risk assesment and management solutions. | QC |
Rad Torque Systems | https://www.radtorque.com/industries/mining/ | Heavy duty torque tools for mine operations: Trusted by Kal Tire and Finning for any size mine truck Strut kits and other tools, including: Tools for engine barring, tie rod bolts for haul truck suspensions, wrenches for track pads, final drive segments, cutting blades, mill liners, and wheel nuts. | BC | ||||
Rubber Source Inc (walking the show, B2B EDC) | Nalex | Cordova | VP – Global Sales | nalex@rubbersource.ca | https://rubbersource.ca/index.php | Linings and coatings supplier for heavy industry including mining: Un-cured rubber products for use in abrasive and corrosive piping applications Used in application including backfilling, conveyance, tailings piping and more… Work with local partners for coating applications | ON |
Solmax / V-Max Latam | Javier | Walger | Gerente General Chile | jwalger@solmaxchile.com | https://www.solmax.com/ | Environmentally safe containment in the harshest of mining operations: Geosynthetic products that install faster, perform better, and are more cost-effective than using natural materials such as stone, gravel or compacted clay Solutions for heap leach pads, tailings and evaporation ponds, caps and closures | QC |
Sprung Structures Ltd. | Pablo | Noriega | Business Development Manager, Latin America & Caribbean | pablo.noriega@sprung.com | https://www.sprung.com/structures/industrial-buildings/mining-buildings/ | New, temporary & permanent mining buildings: Mining camps and mining processing facilities in remote locations Quick deploy with limited foundation requirements Designed to last for the entire life of a mine Liveable spaces for a wide variety of mining infrastructure. Relocatable and modular design Mine production enclosures, ancillary buildings, mining processing facilities, haul truck maintenance facilities, and much more | AB |
Summit Nanotech | Amanda | Hall | CEO | amanda@summitnanotech.com | https://www.summitnanotech.ca/ | Extraction as a service (EaaS) using plug-and-play modular units: denaLi™ DLE technology (direct lithium extraction), provides extraction as a service for the cleanest and most efficient lithium extraction technology in the world Modular units designed to double yield, reduce GHG emissions, minimize the use of chemicals and fresh water, and cut waste by 90% compared to traditional methods | AB |
Sunny Corner Enterprises Inc | Eric | Lloyd | President | elloyd@sunnycorner.ca | http://sunnycorner.ca/ | Construction,manufacturing and industrial sales: State-of-the-art fabrication, blast and paint shops offer full support for construction, as well as a turn-key solution for stand-alone clients. Quick maintenance and turnaround through team of professionals specialize in the industrial sector | NB |
Superior Glove Works Ltd | Graham | Ayers | Sales Manager | graham.ayers@superiorglove.com | https://www.superiorglove.com/ | High performance work/safety gloves for mining: PPE that ensures safety, effectiveness and quality Work gloves, safety sleevs, welding products Protection against abrasion, arc, chemical, cold, crush, cut,flame, heat, impact, puncture and more … | ON |
Teck (at own booth) | Amparo | Cornejo | VP South America | www.teck.com | Mining Company. Copper mining in Chile. | BC | |
Triodetic | Luis Fabian | Gattorno | Project Leader, Senior Project Manager | lgattorno@triodetic.com | https://triodetic.wordpress.com/ | Design and construction of space-frames, domes, shell and free-form structures Full compliance with sustainable building requirements Assistance in conceptual project development, design method validated by full-scale testing Landmark projects throughout North America, Caribbean, South America, Europe, Africa, Australia and the Pacific, China, and the Middle East. | ON |
Cesar | Ampueda | Project Lead Mining | campueda@triodetic.com | ||||
Volatus Aerospace | Bruno | Leoni | Managing Director LATAM | bruno.leoni@volatusaerospace.com | www.volatusaerospace.com | Volatus Aerospace is the leader in commercial drones and UAV technologies, providing integrated solutions for clients globally. The company serves both civil, government, and defense markets. Having established itself in the drone services market, providing infrastructure inspection, mapping and modelling services, the Company has leveraged this expertise into the key sectors of equipment distribution, public safety, drone cargo and delivery, and security and defense. Our aviation division provides commercial aircraft management and charter services, and long-range pipeline patrol and inspection with the integration of AI and autonomous solutions. | ON |
Motion Metrics International – Chile | Germán | Johow | Gerente General | german@motionmetrics.com | https://www.motionmetrics.com/ | Specializes in rugged camera and sensor-based ore monitoring solutions: Uses artificial intelligence / machine learning systems for Mine-to-Mill optimization Ore size analysis and predictive maintenance Deployed on shovels, trucks and belts allowing users to avoid costly downtime and over-processing due to oversized ore | BC |
Xtirpa / INNOVA | Marc | Brodeur | Development Agent | mbrodeur@xtirpa.com | https://xtirpa.com/ | Designing, manufacturing, and supply of fall protection and retrieval systems: Minimize injuries and maintain a safe workplace environment for all workers in the mine SRL brackets, confined space blowers, equipment lifting davit, gotcha and hot sticks, 3-way SRLs. | QC |
Nancy | Bouchard | Project Development Agent | nbouchard@xtirpa.com | ||||
Organizations | Name | Last Name | Title | Website | Description | ||
Mining Suppliers Trade Association (MSTA Canada) | Dolores | Wharton | Director – Global Events | wharton@mstacanada.ca | www.mstacanada.ca | ||
Ryan | McEachern | Managing Director | mceachern@mstacanada.ca | ||||
Investissement Québec | Julie | Fortin-Morin | Conseillère spécialisée, Exportations, Métallurgie, mines et foresterie | Julie.Fortin-Morin@invest-quebec.com | www.invest-quebec.com | ||
EDC Export Development Canada | Juan David | Gómez | Global Trade Director | JGomez@edc.ca | www.edc.ca | ||
Christian | Daroch | Sr. Regional Country Manager – Chile | cdaroch@edc.ca | ||||
Carolina | Acevedo | CAcevedo@edc.ca | |||||
NRCan | Stefanía | Novoa | Mining Lead, Americas | Stefania.Novoa@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca | www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca |